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Musical sense of people is considered as the language
which is born in our mind and body itself and associated with the idea of
spirituality. All sounds produced from vocal cord ,instruments and dance are
resounded into the inside heart through the nervous system make people joy
and pleasure .Ancient people used music and musical instruments as a part of
their ceremonies and festivals in their everyday life. Music was
contemplated as a source of medium to protect themselves from anger, sin,
hatred and evil spirit Thus presentation of such enthusiasm was an attempt
to bring the grace of the almighty to rigorous and monotonous life.Such kind
of musical activities attracted the enthusiastic tribal people and reflected
in the form of rhythmic sound. Tribal people of Tripura are rich in their
culture from the kingdom.
SHINGA :-Usually an end blown animal horn with a
medium but a fine hole in the tip. The tribes of Tripura take pleasure in
the excellence of this bollowing instrument. The horn is known as Shinga in
Sanskrit.It is a long, more or less conical tube ending in a large bell
habing a funnel - shaped mouth piece. Through "Singa" means animal horn, yet
this type of instrument was later on made with other materials but the name
remained same. For carrying the horn, thin cord is attached with two hooks.
This is suspended cross - wise from shoulder. It produces usually a higher
note (high-pitch), but with changed in the angle between lips and the
blowing rim and variation in breath stream, thus vibration in the air column
allows for further one or two notes to be produced. From the ancient time Singa was used in tripura to call for assemblies, to give signals and other
special occasion. Many tribes of Tripura use 'Shinga' in religious and
social institutions. A few of them are also used for tantric institutions.
After little modification the same instrument is also used as the war
trumphets at the ancient time .These instruments are used on hunting
expeditions for signaling purpose and for enjoyment. It produces usually a
higher note( high pitch),but with change in the angle between lips and the
blowing rim and variation in breath stream ; thus vibration in the air
column allows for further one or two notes to be produced.
SUMU (FLUTE) :
Those hold along the mouth.
Those hold acroos the mouth. Samu are made from the hollow stem of a bamboo. In their manufacture
it is remarkable to know that, as such, no complicated acoustic test is
applied at any stage. The instrumentalist himself cuts the bamboo to a
suitable length. Putting the bamboo to his lips in a playing position, he
determines the distances of the flute stops by simply putting his fingers to
the position.
SARINDA/SARINDA OYAKHARAP-: The Sarinda is well-known string instrument of Tripura.It is specially used by most the tribes of
Tripura and is known as Sarinda Oyakhrap, which is specially made of bamboo. Sarinda is a musical instrument made of bamboo or wood.It looks like
a peacock somewhat like a mandolin.It has an oval-shaped hollow wooden
resonating chamber. This resonator is covered with a thin skin usually of
iguana and its wider top portion is open. The waist of the body of this
instrument is so narrow shaped that it looks as if the portions of upper and
lower halves are separate from each other .The length of the instrument is
about 65-70cm. The lower portion of the body is oval or a small pear shaped.
The middle portion is large and both the edges are wide enough .There is no
cover on the cave portion. Usually three pegs are fitted to the top portion
of the instrument to fasten the strings. The strings are generally of
the thread of Muga or animals gut or now they use even metal string. The
instrument is played by a crude 'Bow' made of horse hair. The tuning is done
tightening of loosening the strings with pegs when necessity arises.CHONGPRENG-:
 The Chongpreng, a particular type of
chord phonic lute ,has the tribal origin. The chongpreng looks like esraj
and is made of bamboo. Constituted of a hollowed block of wood, the
resonator is covered with a parchment. Notched wooden bridge is placed at
lower one third portion of the membrane belly. The strings are hooked to the
lute pins. Instrumental manipulation opts finger tips to press the strings
against the board .Most of the tribes of Tripura use this musical
instruments which is very much popular among them.
DANGDOO-:The Dangdoo is a small rod idiophone of fine
musical value which in English is called the jew's harp ,though there is no
resemblance to the harp at all .In Hindi literature the instrument is also
referred to as the Mukha-Chang, evidently because it is held in the mouth (
mukha=mouth). The dangdoo is one of important musical instrument used by
most of the tribes of Tripura. The Dangdoo is a unique instrument in as much
it is a combination of both wind and percussion. It is made of iron in
the sharp of small tongs measuring about 9-10cm,with a single wire-running
between the arms. One end of the instrument is held between the teeth with
lips parted. As the wire is plucked the player inhales and exhales with
controls the twang and pitch.
RAWCHHEM -:It is a Scotch,s bag piper like mouth organ.
It is made of a dry hollow gourd into which are inserted nine bamboo tubes
of different size and length ,fine of which being fixed at the gourd of
about two inches distance from the other four tubes both of which are tide
together but slightly slanting outwards .To make different notes or sound,
holes are made at the desired spot of the tubes. Blowing is done at the
tapering end of the gourd. To produce sufficient sound a hard hard blow
is required too.
TAKTUI expert tuner. If the pitch of drum sound is to
be sharpened the black tuning paste is lightly layered at center of one of
the membranes sides gradually. If the pitch is to be flattened, the quantity
of the tuning paste in the center is gradually raised.
While applying the paste the expert tuner ensures that
the desired quantity of the paste is only applied. The excess amount of
paste is scrapped off while rubbing it with a polishing black grind stone.
Raw materials used for preparing the tuning paste :-
Iron dust - to obtain the required weight of the substance.
Black colour powder.
Pasted boiled rice used as an adhesive forming the dough for application.
TRENG / LEBANG - LEBANGTI -: Lebang boomani musical
instrument is very strange and very special instrument found in Tripura. It
is a curious combination of bamboo clappers to which are attached miniature
tutune - S and is played with claps and twangs of a wired quality, along
with other instrument "Lebangti" which is a normal parted bamboo clappers.
It is a musical instrument and musical sound to prevent rampage of crops by
lebang. The other most popular musical instrument found among the tribes of
Tripura is the raps made of bamboo. Again bamboo stick is required to beat
the bamboo raps. It is also used in the lebang boomani dance.
KHUANG (Mizo - drum) :- Somewhat smaller size drum is
found among the Lushai tribe of Tripura. It is a double membraned drum equal
in both sides. For manufacturing these drums leather strings are attached to
the rims of the membrane to tune it. In this category the resonating chamber
of the drum covered hollowed cylinder made of wood without any variation in
the shape. Both the opening ends are tightening cords or braces through
leather hoops.
OYAKHRAP :-Oyakhrap is a traditional tribal musical
instruments. Its inception dates back to ancient times. This musical
instrument is combination of two musical bases, i.e. string and also skin
membrane based. The base of the instrument is semicircular in shape and is
mainly made out of the trunk of gamai, koroi or garjan trees. Mainly, these
trunks are collected before the jhum cultivation starts usually when the
deforestation is done. The Oyakhrap is a kokborok name of this musical
instrument.
BELEM :-This is another type of bamboo made flute.
This instrument is used by Darlong tribes of Tripura. This instrument can be
be played by any one at any time.
KAIKAWNG :-It is a string instrument stretched across
the mouth on which the player produces vibration by blowing and giving tunes
simultaneously. The length string at one end is controlled by the right hand
to control the notes and tunes effectively. It is used by the tribal people
of Tripura.
KUSUM :-It is a kind of flute played by Uchai community during traditional folk dance.
SO - Ta :-It is like a big Kartal used by the Uchai community in their traditional folk dance.
DAMADADI :- It is a musical instrument of Garo community used by them during traditional folk dances.
ADURI :- It is a musical instrument of Garo community used by them during traditional folk dances.
DHUDAK :- It is an instrument of Chakma Community. They use this musical instrument during their traditional folk dance.
DHAK :- It is a popular instrument from ancient from time used by all tribes of the country. However, it is also used by the
Chakma commubity in Tripura during their traditional folk dances.
DHOL :- It is an ancient musical instrument used by almost all tribes in country. This is also used by the Chakma community and
Munda community too.
FLUTE :- It is also a popular instrument used by the Chakma Community of Tripura.
HARMONIUM :-It is a common instrument in the field of music. Now-a-days Chakma Community has started using this instrument. Mog community also use Harmonium.
DUNG :- It is a kind of Dhol. Mog community, when perform their traditional folk dances use this instrument with Pair.
ULUNGRI :- It is a flute of Bamboo made. Mog community called it as "Ulungri" use by them during folk dances.
CLARIONET :- During traditional folk dances Mog community has started using this instrument.
KHUM :- A kind of Dholak used by the Koki community has started using this instrument.
JALPAN :- It is a kind of flute which is played keeping in front of mouth by the Koki community.
OAIER BIL :- It is a kind of flute which is played keeping behind the mouth by Koki community.
DARPUNG :- It is a kind of musical instrument made of metal played by a stick for keeping rhythm during dance. This instrument is
used by Koki community.
NAKARA :- This instrument is used by many of tribal
community in the country. However, it is used by the Sautal community of
Tripura during their traditional folk dance.
TIRIO :-It is a kind of flute used by the Sautal
community during dances. With these given examples it is observed that, with
the geographical locations the use of musical instruments are available to
the people of that society. Moreover, the migration of any musical
instruments traces the wandering lust of human societies. It is also
observed some musical instruments have been exchanged and improved due to
geographical change and movement of group of people from one place to
another reciprocally. So, we find some socio-cultural resemblance in the use
of musical instruments. In view of these background we are to consider the
boundary line of cultural fields of Assam, Meghalaya Nagaland etc. And all
other corner side in respect of cultural fields. The man of these places has
helped in creating charging and developing musical musical instruments of
these areas. We cannot avoid the similarity of various instruments used in
other places of tribal people. These are occurrence of evolution and
development of this culture of the society. It is fact many musical
instrument are being used by the tribal people to beautify the musical
rhythm and thus have brought about a change in music. As a result it has
become loss of original culture, where it is a loss of identify of their
own. If for the use of such instrument develop and improve the culture, it
can be allowed.
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